{"id":647,"date":"2013-04-26T14:41:14","date_gmt":"2013-04-26T14:41:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/?page_id=647"},"modified":"2013-04-26T14:41:14","modified_gmt":"2013-04-26T14:41:14","slug":"transcendental-meditation-research-highlights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/transcendental-meditation-research-highlights\/","title":{"rendered":"Transcendental Meditation Research: Highlights"},"content":{"rendered":"

DECREASED MEDICAL CARE UTILIZATION AND HOSPITALIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u2022 Haratani T., et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on the mental health of industrial workers.\u00a0Japanese Journal of Industrial Health<\/em>\u00a032: 656, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Haratani T., et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on the health behavior of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Public Health 37 (10 Suppl.): 729, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Herron R.E., et al. The impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on government payments to physicians in Quebec.\u00a0American Journal of Health Promotion<\/em>10: 208-216, 1996.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Herron R. E. Can the Transcendental Meditation program reduce medical expenditures of older people? A longitudinal medical cost minimization study in Canada.\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>\u00a017(1), 415-442, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W. Medical care utilization and the Transcendental Meditation program.\u00a0Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>\u00a049: 493-507, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W., et al. An innovative approach to reducing medical care utilization and expenditures.\u00a0The American Journal of Managed Care<\/em>\u00a03: 135-144, 1997.<\/p>\n

REDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reduced Atherosclerosis\/Stroke<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Castillo-Richmond A., et al. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive African Americans,\u00a0Stroke<\/em>\u00a031: 568-573, 2000.Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

Lower Blood Pressure<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: An experimental study with the elderly.\u00a0Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>57:950-964, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans (part II): sex and risk subgroup analysis.\u00a0Hypertension<\/em>\u00a028:228-237, 1996.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Anderson J.W., et al. Blood pressure response to Transcendental Meditation: a meta-analysis.\u00a0American Journal of Hypertension<\/em>\u00a021 (3): 310-6, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V.A., et al. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on ambulatory blood pressure in African-American adolescents.\u00a0American Journal of Hypertension<\/em>\u00a017: 366-369, 2004.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V. A., et al. Stress, stress reduction, and hypertension in African Americans.Journal of the National Medical Association<\/em>, 89, 464-476, 1997.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V. A., et al. (1999). Acute effects of Transcendental Meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults.\u00a0Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>, 61, 88, 525-531.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Rainforth M.V., et al. Stress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0Current Hypertension Reports<\/em>\u00a09:520\u2013528, 2007.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H., et al. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in the treatment of hypertension in African Americans during one year.\u00a0American Journal of Hypertension<\/em>18(1): 88-98, 2005.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H., et al. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons \u2265 55 years of age with systemic hypertension.\u00a0American Journal of Cardiology<\/em>\u00a095:1060-1064, 2005.\u00a0Full Article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H., et al. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans.\u00a0Hypertension<\/em>\u00a026: 820-827, 1995.<\/p>\n

Decreased Cholesterol<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cooper M. J., et al. Transcendental Meditation in the management of hypercholesterolemia.\u00a0Journal of Human Stress\u00a0<\/em>5(4): 24\u201327, 1979.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cooper M. J. and Aygen M. M. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure. Harefuah,\u00a0Journal of the Israel Medical Association<\/em>95(1): 1-2, 1978.<\/p>\n

Reduced Congestive Heart Failure<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jayadevappa R., et al. Effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation on functional capacity and quality of life of African Americans with congestive heart failure: a randomized control study.\u00a0Ethnicity and Disease\u00a0<\/em>17: 72-77, 2007.\u00a0Full Article<\/a><\/p>\n

Decreased Free Radicals<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H., et al. Lower lipid peroxide levels and practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program.\u00a0Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>\u00a060: 38-41, 1998.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Van Wijk E.P.A., et al. Anatomical characterization of human ultraweak photon emission in practitioners of Transcendental Meditation and control subjects.\u00a0Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine\u00a0<\/em>12:31-38, 1998.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Van Wijk E.P.A., et al. Differential Effects of Relaxation Techniques on Ultraweak Photon Emission.\u00a0Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine<\/em>\u00a014:241-250, 2008.<\/p>\n

Reduced Metabolic Syndrome\/Pre-Diabetes<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Paul-Labrador M., et al. Effects of randomized controlled trial of Transcendental Meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease.<\/p>\n

Archives of Internal Medicine<\/em>\u00a0166:1218-1224, 2006.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

Review Papers on Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation compared to other methods of relaxation and meditation in reducing risk factors, morbidity and mortality.Homeostasis\u00a0<\/em>35:243-264, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V.A., and Orme-Johnson D. W. Clinical and Pre-clinical Applications of the Transcendental Meditation Program\u00ae in the Prevention and Treatment of Essential Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Youth \u00a0and Adults: A Research Review.Current Hypertension Reviews<\/em>\u00a02:207-218, 2006.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H., et al. Cardiovascular disease prevention and health promotion with the Transcendental Meditation program and Maharishi Consciousness-Based Health Care.\u00a0Ethnicity and Disease\u00a0<\/em>16 (3 Suppl 4):S4-15-26, 2006.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Walton K.G., et al. Review of controlled clinical research on the Transcendental Meditation program and cardiovascular disease: Risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.Cardiology in Review<\/em>\u00a012(5): 262-266, 2004.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Walton K.G., et al. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease, Part 2: Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in treatment and prevention.Behavioral Medicine\u00a0<\/em>28: 106-123, 2002.<\/p>\n

DECREASED DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND INSOMNIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Decreased Depression<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Brooks J.S., et al. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustment.\u00a0Journal of Counseling and Development<\/em>, 64:212\u2013215, 1985.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Kniffki C. Tranzendentale Meditation und Autogenes Training- Ein Vergleich (Transcendental Meditation and Autogenic Training: A Comparison). Munich:\u00a0Kindler Verlag Geist und Psyche<\/em>, 1979.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Geisler M. Therapeutiche Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditation auf drogenkonsumenten (Therapeutic effects of Transcendental Meditation on drug use).Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie<\/em>\u00a07:235-255, 1978.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Ferguson P.C., et al. Psychological Findings on Transcendental Meditation.\u00a0Journal of Humanistic Psychology<\/em>\u00a016:483-488, 1976.<\/p>\n

Less Anxiety<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on stress reduction, health, and employee development: A prospective study in two occupational settings.\u00a0Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal<\/em>\u00a06: 245-262, 1993.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Candelent T., et al. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a psychiatric setting.Hospital & Community Psychiatry<\/em>\u00a026: 156-159, 1975.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level.Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>\u00a033: 1076-1078, 1977.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Eppley K.R. et al. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: A meta-analysis.\u00a0Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>\u00a045: 957-974, 1989.<\/p>\n

Reduced Insomnia<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>\u2022 Ljunggren G. Inflytandet av Transcendental Meditation pa neuroticism, medicinbruk och s\u00f6mnproblem.\u00a0L\u00e4kartidningen<\/em>\u00a074(47): 4212\u20134214, 1977.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Lovell-Smith H. D. Transcendental Meditation\u2014treating the patient as well as the disease.\u00a0The New Zealand Family Physician<\/em>\u00a09: 62\u201365, April 1982.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D. W., et al. Meditation in the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. In\u00a0National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference on Integration of Behavioral and Relaxation Approaches into the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Insomnia<\/em>, Bethesda Maryland: National Institutes of Health, 1995.<\/p>\n

REDUCTION IN STRESS AND PAIN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reduced Stress<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>\u2022\u00a0Barnes V. A., et al. Stress, stress reduction, and hypertension in African Americans.Journal of the National Medical Association<\/em>, 89, 464-476, 1997.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C. and Orme-Johnson D. W. Physiological differences between Transcendental Meditation and rest.\u00a0American Psychologist<\/em>\u00a042:879\u2013881, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jevning R., et al. The physiology of meditation: a review. A wakeful hypometabolic integrated response.\u00a0Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews<\/em>\u00a016(3):415-24, 1992.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jevning R., et al. The transcendental meditation technique, adrenocortical activity, and implications for stress.\u00a0Experientia<\/em>\u00a034(5):618-9, May 15, 1978.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jevning R., et al. Adrenocortical activity during meditation,\u00a0Hormonal Behavior<\/em>10(1):54-60, Feb. 1978.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W. Autonomic stability and Transcendental Meditation.Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>\u00a035, 341-349, 1973.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W. and Walton K. W. All approaches of preventing or reversing effects of stress are not the same.\u00a0American Journal of Health Promotion<\/em>\u00a012:297-299, 1998.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H. Altered responses of cortisol, GH, TSH and testosterone to acute stress after four months\u2019 practice of Transcendental Meditation (TM).\u00a0Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences<\/em>\u00a0746:381-384, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Subrahmanyam S. and Porkodi K. Neurohumoral correlates of Transcendental Meditation.\u00a0Journal of Biomedicine<\/em>\u00a01: 73\u201388, 1980.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Walton K.G., et al. Lowering cortisol and CVD risk in postmenopausal women: a pilot study using the Transcendental Meditation program.\u00a0Annals of New York Academy of Sciences<\/em>\u00a01032:211-215, 2005.<\/p>\n

Faster Recovery from Stress<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V. A., et al. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on cardiovascular function at rest and during acute stress in adolescents with high normal blood pressure.\u00a0Journal of Psychosomatic Research<\/em>\u00a051, 597-605, 2001.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Brooks J.S. and Scarano T. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustment.\u00a0Journal of Counseling and Development<\/em>\u00a064: 212-215, 1985.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gaylord C., et al. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique and progressive muscle relaxation on EEG coherence, stress reactivity, and mental health in black adults.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a046: 77-86, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W. Autonomic stability and Transcendental Meditation.Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>\u00a035: 341-349, 1973.<\/p>\n

Reduction in Pain<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W, et al. Neuroimaging of meditation\u2019s effect on brain reactivity to pain.\u00a0NeuroReport<\/em>\u00a017(12):1359-63, 2006.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Mills W. W. and Farrow J. T. The Transcendental Meditation technique and acute experimental pain.\u00a0Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>\u00a043(2): 157\u2013164, 1981.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Zammara J. W., et al. Usefulness of the Transcendental Meditation program in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease.\u00a0American Journal of Cardiology<\/em>\u00a077, 867-870, et al.<\/p>\n

IMPROVEMENTS IN INTELLIGENCE, CREATIVITY, ACADEMICS AND SCHOOL BEHAVIOR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Improved Intelligence, Creativity and Learning Ability<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N. and Gackenbach J. Transcendental Meditation and improved performance on intelligence-related measures: A longitudinal study.\u00a0Personality and Individual Differences<\/em>, 12, 1105\u20131116, 1991.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Aron A., et al. The Transcendental Meditation program in the college curriculum: A 4-year longitudinal study of effects on cognitive and affective functioning.\u00a0College Student Journal<\/em>\u00a015: 140-146, 1981.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cranson R.W., et al. Transcendental Meditation and improved performance on intelligence-related measures: A longitudinal study.\u00a0Personality and Individual Differences<\/em>\u00a012: 1105-1116, 1991.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C., et al. Frontal EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a015: 151-157, 1981.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C. Meditation and flexibility of visual perception and verbal problem-solving.\u00a0Memory & Cognition<\/em>\u00a010: 207-215, 1982.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C., et al. Longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on cognitive ability and cognitive style.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a062: 731-738, 1986.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Fergusson L.F., et al. Vedic Science based education and nonverbal intelligence: A preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia.\u00a0Higher Education Research and Development<\/em>\u00a015: 73-82, 1995.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jedrczak A., et al. The TM-Sidhi programme, age, and brief test of perceptual-motor speed and nonverbal intelligence.\u00a0Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>\u00a042: 161-164, 1986.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jedrczak, A., et al. The TM-Sidhi programme, pure consciousness, creativity and intelligence.\u00a0The Journal of Creative Behavior<\/em>\u00a019: 270-275, 1985.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0So K.T. and Orme-Johnson D. W. Three randomized experiments on the holistic longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition.Intelligence<\/em>, 29(5), 419-440, 2001.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Tjoa A. Increased intelligence and reduced neuroticism through the Transcendental Meditation program.\u00a0Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie<\/em>\u00a03: 167-182, 1975.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Travis F. The Transcendental Meditation technique and creativity: A longitudinal study of Cornell University undergraduates.\u00a0Journal of Creative Behavior<\/em>\u00a013: 169-180, 1979.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Warner T.Q. Transcendental Meditation and developmental advancement: Mediating abilities and conservation performance.\u00a0Dissertation Abstracts International\u00a0<\/em>47(8): 3558B, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0So K.T. and Orme-Johnson D.W. Three randomized experiments on the longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition.\u00a0Intelligence<\/em>\u00a029: 419-440, 2001.<\/p>\n

Improved Academics<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Fergusson L.C. Field Independence and art achievement in meditating and nonmeditating college students.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a075: 1171-1175, 1992.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Kember P. The Transcendental Meditation technique and postgraduate academic performance.\u00a0British Journal of Educational Psychology<\/em>\u00a055: 164-166, 1985.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Nidich S.I., et al. School effectiveness: Achievement gains at the Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment.\u00a0Education<\/em>\u00a0107: 49-54, 1986.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Nidich S.I. and Nidich R.J. Increased academic achievement at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment: A replication study.\u00a0Education<\/em>\u00a0109: 302-304, 1989.<\/p>\n

Improved School Behavior<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V.A., et al. Impact of stress reduction on negative school behavior in adolescents.\u00a0Health and Quality of Life Outcomes<\/em>\u00a01:10, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Fergusson L.F., et al. Personality and health characteristics of Cambodian undergraduates: A case for student development.\u00a0Journal of Instructional Psychology<\/em>22: 308-319, 1995.<\/p>\n

Benefits for Special and Remedial Education<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Eyerman J. Transcendental Meditation and mental retardation.\u00a0Journal of Clinical Psychiatry<\/em>\u00a042: 35-36, 1981<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Subrahmanyam S. and Porkodi K. Neurohumoral correlates of Transcendental Meditation.\u00a0Journal of Biomedicine<\/em>\u00a01: 73-88, 1980.<\/p>\n

IMPROVED INTEGRATION OF PERSONALITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Transcendental consciousness: a fourth state of consciousness beyond sleep, dreaming, and waking. in J. Gackenbach (ed.),\u00a0Sleep and Dreams: A Sourcebook<\/em>, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 282\u2013315, 1986.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Growth of higher stages of consciousness: Maharishi\u2019s Vedic psychology of human development. in Charles N. Alexander and Ellen J. Langer (eds.),Higher stages of human development: perspectives on adult growth<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press (1990).<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. Major issues in the exploration of adult growth. In C. N. Alexander and E. J. Langer (Eds.),\u00a0Higher stages of human development: perspectives on adult growth<\/em>\u00a0(p. 3-32). New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. Advanced human development in the Vedic Psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Theory and research. In M. E. Miller and S. R. Cook-Greuter (Eds.),\u00a0Transcendence and mature thought in adulthood: The further reaches of adult development\u00a0<\/em>(pp. 39-70). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Effect of Practice of The Children\u2019s Transcendental Meditation Technique on Cognitive Stage Development: Acquisition And Consolidation of Conservation,\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>, 17, 21-46, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Transcendental Meditation, self-actualization, and psychological health: A conceptual overview and statistical meta-analysis.\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>\u00a06: 189-247, 1991.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Chandler H.M., et al. Transcendental Meditation and postconventional self-development: A 10-year longitudinal study.\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>, 17(1), 93\u2013121, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P. Cognitive orientation toward positive values in advanced participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a064: 1003-1012, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P. Field independence of students at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment and a Montessori school.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills\u00a0<\/em>65: 613-614, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P. and Beto, Z. H. A. D. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and reported experiences of transcendental consciousness.\u00a0Psychologia\u2014An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient<\/em>\u00a032(2): 91\u2013103, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P., et al. Field independence of students at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment and a Montessori school.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a065: 613\u2013614, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P., et al. Transcendence and psychological health: studies with long-term participants of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Journal of Psychology<\/em>\u00a0124(2), 177\u2013197, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Jedraczak A. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and field independence.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills\u00a0<\/em>59: 999-100, 1984.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Nidich S., et al. Influence of Transcendental Meditation: A replication.\u00a0Journal of Counseling Psychology<\/em>\u00a020: 565-566, 1973.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Pelletier K.R. Influence of Transcendental Meditation upon autokinetic perception.Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a039: 1031-1034, 1974.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Seeman W., et al. Influence of Transcendental Meditation on a measure of self-actualization.\u00a0Journal of Counseling Psychology\u00a0<\/em>19: 184-187, 1972.<\/p>\n

INCREASED EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on stress-reduction, health, and employee development: A prospective study in two occupational settings.\u00a0Stress, Anxiety and Coping<\/em>, 6, 245\u2013262, 1993.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. Promoting adult psychological development: Implications for management education.\u00a0Proceedings of the Association of Management, Human Resource Management<\/em>\u00a02, 133\u2013137, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Appelle S. and Oswald L.E. Simple reaction time as a function of alertness and prior mental activity.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a038: 1263-1268, 1974.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Broome R., et al. Worksite stress reduction through the Transcendental Meditation Program.\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>, 17(1), 235\u2013276, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Frew D.R. Transcendental Meditation and productivity.\u00a0Academy of Management Journal<\/em>\u00a017: 362-368, 1974.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Harung H. S., et al. Peak performance and higher states of consciousness: A study of world-class performers.\u00a0Journal of Managerial Psychology<\/em>, 11, (4), 3\u201323, 1996.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Holt W.R. et al. Transcendental Meditation vs. pseudo-meditation on visual choice reaction time.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a046: 726, 1978.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0McCollum B. Leadership development and self development: An empirical study.Career Development International<\/em>, 4, (3). 149\u2013154, 1999.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schmidt-Wilk J. Developing consciousness in organizations: The Transcendental Meditation program in business.\u00a0Journal of Business & Psychology<\/em>, 10, (4), 429\u2013444, 1996. Full article<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0So K.T., et al. Three randomized experiments on the holistic longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition.\u00a0Intelligence<\/em>, 29(5), 419-440, 2001.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schmidt-Wilk J. Consciousness-based management development: Case studies of international top management teams.\u00a0Journal of Transnational Management Development<\/em>, 5, (3), 61\u201385, 2000.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Warshal D. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on normal and Jendrassik reflex time.\u00a0Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>\u00a050: 1103-1106, 1980.<\/p>\n

REVERSAL OF AGING AND INCREASED LONGEVITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity.\u00a0Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>\u00a057: 950-964, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. The effects of Transcendental Meditation compared to other methods of relaxation in reducing risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.\u00a0Homeostasis<\/em>35, 243-264, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Barnes V. A., et al. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on mortality in older African Americans\u2014eight year follow-up.\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>\u00a017(1) 201-216, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Glaser J. L., et al. Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs.\u00a0Journal of Behavioral Medicine<\/em>\u00a015: 327-341, 1992.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R. H., et al. The Transcendental Meditation program: reducing the risk of heart disease and mortality and improving quality of life in African Americans.\u00a0Ethnicity and Disease<\/em>\u00a011; 159-60, 2001.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Schneider R.H., et al. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons > 55 years of age with systemic hypertension.\u00a0American Journal of Cardiology<\/em>\u00a095: 1060-1064, 2005.\u00a0Full article<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Wallace R.K., et al. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on the aging process.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a016: 53-58, 1982.<\/p>\n

HIGHER LEVELS OF BRAIN FUNCTIONING<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Arenander A. and Travis F.T. Brain patterns of Self-awareness. In B Beitman and J Nair, Eds.\u00a0Self-Awareness Deficits<\/em>. New York: W.W.Norton, 2004.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Badawi K., et al.. Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation program.\u00a0Psychosomatic Medicine<\/em>\u00a046(3): 267\u2013276, 1984.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Banquet J.P. and Lesevre N. Event-related potentials in altered states of consciousness: Motivation, motor and sensory processes of the brain.\u00a0Progress in Brain Research<\/em>\u00a054: 447-453, 1980.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Bennett J.E. and Trinder J. Hemispheric laterality and cognitive style associated with Transcendental Meditation.\u00a0Psychophysiology<\/em>\u00a014: 293-296, 1977.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M. C. and Bronson E. C. Short-term longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a014: 147\u2013151, 1981.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M. C., et al. Frontal EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a015: 151\u2013157, 1981.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gallois P. Modifications neurophysiologiques et respiratoires lors de la pratique des techniques de relaxation.\u00a0L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale<\/em>\u00a010: 139-144, 1984.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Goddard P.H. Reduced age-related declines of P300 latency in elderly practicing Transcendental Meditation.\u00a0Psychophysiology<\/em>\u00a026: 529, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Hebert R., et al. Enhanced EEG alpha time-domain phase synchrony during Transcendental Meditation: Implications for cortical integration theory.\u00a0Signal Processing<\/em>, 85(11): 2213-2232, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Lyubimov N.N. Electrophysiological characteristics of mobilization of hidden brain reserves. Abstracts, the International Symposium \u201cPhysiological and Biochemical Basis of Brain Activity\u201d (St. Petersburg, Russia: Russian Academy of Science, Institute of the Human Brain): 5, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Mason L. I., et al. Electrophysiological correlates of higher states of consciousness during sleep in long-term practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program.\u00a0Sleep<\/em>20 (2): 102-110, 1997.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0McEvoy T.M., et al. Effects of meditation on brainstem auditory evoked potentials.International Journal of Neuroscience\u00a0<\/em>10: 165-170, 1980.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Nidich S.I., et al. Kohlbergian cosmic perspective responses, EEG coherence, and the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Journal of Moral Education<\/em>\u00a012: 166-173, 1983.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W. and Haynes C.T. EEG phase coherence, pure consciousness, creativity, and TM-Sidhi experiences.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a013: 211\u2013217, 1981.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W. and Gelderloos P. Topographic EEG brain mapping during Yogic Flying.\u00a0International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a038: 427-434, 1988.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Travis F. Eyes open and TM EEG patterns after one and after eight years of TM practice.\u00a0Psychophysiology<\/em>\u00a028 (3a): S58, 1991.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Travis F. and Miskov S. P300 latency and amplitude during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation practice.\u00a0Psychophysiology<\/em>\u00a031: S67 (Abstract), 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Travis F. Patterns of EEG coherence, power, and contingent negative variation characterize the integration of transcendental and waking states.\u00a0Biological Psychology<\/em>61: 293-319, 2002.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Travis F. T. and Orme-Johnson D. W. EEG coherence and power during yogic flying.International Journal of Neuroscience<\/em>\u00a054: 1\u201312, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Wallace R.K., et al. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Experimental Neurology<\/em>\u00a079: 77-86, 1983.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Wallace R. K., et al. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Experimental Neurology<\/em>\u00a079: 77\u201386, 1983.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Yamamoto S., et al. Medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulated cortex in the generation of alpha activity induced by Transcendental Meditation: A magnetoencephalographic study.\u00a0Acta Medica Okayama<\/em>, 60(1): 51-58, 2006.<\/p>\n

REDUCED SUBSTANCE ABUSE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Treating and preventing alcohol, nicotine, and drug abuse through Transcendental Meditation: A review and statistical meta-analysis.\u00a0Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly\u00a0<\/em>11: 13-87, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Aron E.N. and Aron A. The patterns of reduction of drug and alcohol use among Transcendental Meditation participants.\u00a0Bulletin of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors<\/em>\u00a02: 28-33, 1983.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Clements G., et al. The use of the Transcendental Meditation programme in the prevention of drug abuse and in the treatment of drug-addicted persons.\u00a0Bulletin on Narcotics\u00a0<\/em>40(1): 51\u201356, 1988.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P., et al. Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in preventing and treating substance misuse: A review.\u00a0International Journal of the Addictions\u00a0<\/em>26: 293\u2013325, 1991.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Geisler M. Therapeutische Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditation auf Drogenkonsumenten.\u00a0Zeitschrift f\u00fcr klinische Psychologie<\/em>\u00a07(4): 235\u2013255, 1978.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Monahan R.J. Secondary prevention of drug dependence through the Transcendental Meditation program in metropolitan Philadelphia.\u00a0The International Journal of the Addictions<\/em>\u00a012: 729-754, 1977.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D. W. Transcendental Meditation as an epidemiological approach to drug and alcohol abuse: Theory, research, and financial impact evaluation.\u00a0Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly<\/em>, 11, 119-165, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Royer A. The role of the Transcendental Meditation technique in promoting smoking cessation: A longitudinal study.\u00a0Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly<\/em>\u00a011: 219-236, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Shafii M. et al. Meditation and marijuana.\u00a0American Journal of Psychiatry<\/em>\u00a0131: 60-63, 1974.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Shafii M. et al. Meditation and the prevention of alcohol abuse.\u00a0American Journal of Psychiatry<\/em>\u00a0132: 942-945, 1975.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Wallace R.K. et al. Decreased drug abuse with Transcendental Meditation: A study of 1,862 subjects. In\u00a0Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the International Conference<\/em>, ed. Chris J.D. Zarafonetis (Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger): 369-376, 1972.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Walton K. G., and Levitsky, D.A. A neuroendocrine mechanism for the reduction of drug use and addictions by Transcendental Meditation.\u00a0Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly<\/em>11: 89-117, 1994.<\/p>\n

EFFECTIVE CRIMINAL REHABILITATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Abrams A.I. and Siegel L.M. The Transcendental Meditation program and rehabilitation at Folsom State Prison: A cross-validation study.\u00a0Criminal Justice and Behavior<\/em>\u00a05: 3-20, 1978.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C.N., et al. Transcendental Meditation in criminal rehabilitation and crime prevention.\u00a0Journal of Offender Rehabilitation\u00a0<\/em>36 (1\/2\/3\/4): 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners I: Cross-sectional differences in development and psychopathology.\u00a0Journal of Offender Rehabilitation<\/em>, 36: 97-126, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N. and Orme-Johnson D. W. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners II: Longitudinal study of development and psychopathology.\u00a0Journal of Offender Rehabilitation<\/em>, 36: 127-160, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Alexander C. N., et al. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners III: Reduced recidivism.\u00a0Journal of Offender Rehabilitation<\/em>, 36: 161-180, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Anklesaria F. K. and King,M. S. Highlight: A community-based sentencing program for probationers.\u00a0Journal of Offender Rehabilitation<\/em>, 36: 35-46, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Bleick C.R. and Abrams A.I. The Transcendental Meditation program and criminal recidivism in California.\u00a0Journal of Criminal Justice\u00a0<\/em>15: 211-230, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M. C. and Abrams, A. I. The application of the Transcendental Meditation program to correction.\u00a0International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice<\/em>\u00a011(1): 111\u2013132, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D. W. Prison rehabilitation and crime prevention through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. In\u00a0Holistic approaches to offender rehabilitation<\/em>, ed. Leonard J. Hippchen, Chapter 15, 346\u2013383. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1981.<\/p>\n

THE COLLECTIVE EFFECT: REDUCED CRIME AND CONFLICT, IMPROVED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRENDS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reduced Crime<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Hagelin J.S., et al. Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation program on preventing violent crime in Washington, DC: Results of the National Demonstration Project, June-July 1993.\u00a0Social Indicators Research\u00a0<\/em>47: 153-201, 1999.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Hatchard G.D., et al. A model for social improvement. Time series analysis of a phase transition to reduced crime in Merseyside metropolitan area.\u00a0Psychology, Crime, and Law2<\/em>: 165-174, 1996.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M. C., et al. Consciousness as a field: The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and changes in social indicators.\u00a0The Journal of Mind and Behavior<\/em>8(1):67\u2013104, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C., et al. Test of a field model of consciousness and social change: The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and decreased urban crime.\u00a0The Journal of Mind and Behavior<\/em>\u00a09: 457-486, 1988.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C., et al. The Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change in a sample of forty-eight cities.\u00a0Journal of Crime and Justice\u00a0<\/em>4: 25-45, 1981.<\/p>\n

Reduced Conflict<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Davies J. L. and Alexander C. N.. Alleviating political violence through reducing collective tension: Impact Assessment analysis of the Lebanon war.\u00a0Journal of Social Behavior and Personality<\/em>, 17: 285-338, 2005.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C. Test of a field theory of consciousness and social change: Time series analysis of participation in the TM-Sidhi program and reduction of violent death in the U.S.\u00a0Social Indicators Research<\/em>\u00a022: 399-418, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P., et al. Creating world peace through the collective practice of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: Improved U.S.-Soviet relations.\u00a0Social Science Perspectives Journal<\/em>, 2(4): 80\u201394, 1988.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Gelderloos P., et al. The dynamics of US\u2013Soviet relations, 1979\u20131986: Effects of reducing social stress through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association<\/em>(Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association): 297-302, 1990.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W., et al. Preventing terrorism and international conflict: Effects of large assemblies of participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs.\u00a0Journal of Offender Rehabilitation\u00a0<\/em>36: 283-302, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D.W., et al. International peace project in the Middle East: The effect of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field.\u00a0Journal of Conflict Resolution<\/em>\u00a032: 776-812, 1988.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D. W., et al. The effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: Reply to a methodological critique.\u00a0Journal of Conflict Resolution\u00a0<\/em>34:756\u2013768, 1990.<\/p>\n

Improved Economics, Social Trends and Quality of Life<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Assimakis P.D. and Dillbeck M.C. Time series analysis of improved quality of life in Canada: Social change, collective consciousness, and the TM-Sidhi program.Psychological Reports<\/em>\u00a076: 1171-1193, 1995.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cavanaugh K.L. and King K.D. Simultaneous transfer function analysis of Okun\u2019s misery index: Improvements in the economic quality of life through Maharishi\u2019s Vedic Science and technology of consciousness.\u00a0Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section<\/em>\u00a0(Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association): 491-496, 1988.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cavanaugh K. L., et al. A multiple-input transfer function model of Okun\u2019s misery index: An empirical test of the Maharishi Effect.\u00a0Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section<\/em>, 565-570, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cavanaugh K. L., et al. Consciousness and the quality of economic life: empirical research on the macroeconomic effects of the collective practice of Maharishi\u2019s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Proceedings of the Midwest Management Society<\/em>\u00a0(Chicago, IL: Midwest Management Society) 183-190, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Cavanaugh K.L., et al. Time series analysis of U.S. and Canadian inflation and unemployment: A test of a field-theoretic hypothesis.\u00a0Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section<\/em>\u00a0(Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association): 799-804, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C. and Rainforth, M.V. Impact assessment analysis of behavioral quality of life indices: Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.\u00a0Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association<\/em>\u00a0(Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association): 38-43, 1996.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Dillbeck M.C., et al. Consciousness as a field: The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and changes in social indicators.\u00a0The Journal of Mind and Behavior\u00a0<\/em>8: 67-104, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Orme-Johnson D. W. and P. Gelderloos. The long-term effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on the quality of life in the United States (1960 to 1983).\u00a0Social Science Perspectives Journal<\/em>\u00a02(4):127-146, 1988.<\/p>\n

Click here to return to\u00a0Scientific Verification<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DECREASED MEDICAL CARE UTILIZATION AND HOSPITALIZATION \u2022 Haratani T., et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on the mental health of industrial workers.\u00a0Japanese Journal of Industrial Health\u00a032: 656, 1990. \u2022\u00a0Haratani T., et al. Effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on the health behavior of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Public Health 37 (10 Suppl.): 729, 1990. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-647","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=647"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":648,"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647\/revisions\/648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.excellenceafrica.org\/excellenceafrique\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}